Hello,

It appears the GeoPackage format can support vector and raster data in GDAL similar to the FIleGDB format.

https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/gpkg.html
https://gdal.org/drivers/vector/gpkg.html

Not sure how to do both in the same file as I haven't tried to do it myself. But, sounds worth a shot. Hope that helps.

Best,
Alan